Don’t Shoot The Pied Piper Of Longevity
Science
by Bill Sardi
Greg
Critser, a marvelous crafter of words
and noted science writer, in his “Resveratrol: The
Backlash” article at the Scientific Blogging site, writes
not about science per se, but about one of its very public failings, as well as schadenfreude
(German, from Schaden damage + Freude joy), the malicious
enjoyment derived from observing someone else's misfortune. In this
instance, the seeming fall from grace of one of science's news media
darlings, Harvard genetics and longevity professor David Sinclair.
But don’t
run so fast to throw away your resveratrol pills and dismiss this young and
bright Harvard scientist. There is more
to the story, as radio reporter Paul Harvey would say.
For
certain, David Sinclair's story reads more like a scientific gossip column
these days.
·
"Did Glaxo Smith Kline get duped by this
boyish professor from Australia
and pay $720 million for a failed technology?"
·
"Did billionaire
and Harvard grad Paul Glenn, now in his 80s, who has had
a long-standing interest in longevity science since the 1960s, get suckered
when he invested $5 million into the establishment of the The Paul F. Glenn Laboratories for the Biological Mechanisms of Aging
at Harvard?"
·
Is the Sirtuin1 gene the “holy grail” of anti-aging as Dr. Sinclair has been quoted to say?
·
Is the highly vaunted
SRT501 drug by Sirtris Pharmaceuticals, a company
founded by Sinclair, nothing more than what can be found at a local health food
store?
Scientists
are not beyond envy, and I suppose if the $720 million Glaxo Smith
Kline invested in the purchase of Sirtris Pharmaceuticals
were not involved, maybe there would be no story, no ripple across the
scientific lake.
In
reading Critser’s blog story, one would think readers were getting an accurate behind-the-scenes
view of what really is going in on the longevity research community, a
true view of a young, unpolished scientist, who after being frequently
courted by Nicholas Wade, noted science writer for the
New York Times (their readership sky rockets every time Sinclair is
interviewed), and answering questions on television posed by the likes of Charlie
Rose, Barbara Walters and Morley Safer on
CBS' 60 Minutes, let all this adulation go to his head and is now facing a
scientific lynch mob. Will Sinclair be burned at the scientific
stake? Let’s hope not.
Undeserved credit and blame
If you
would like to read a more favorable
view of Sinclair in one of Harvard’s own publications, you can read it
here.
By the way, the article that follows the Sinclair report in
that Harvard publication is about awarding the David Mahoney Prize to Nobel
Laureate Dr. James D. Watson,
Chancellor of the Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, who first proposed the double
helical structure for DNA in 1953.
While we are ripping scientific pride from those who inaccurately
claim it, in passing I might as well dethrone Watson, who is said to have
discovered the “secret of life.” However, by his own admission (The Double
Helix: A Personal Account Of The Discovery of DNA, Simon&Schuster 1998),
Watson never conducted research on DNA.
Watson was 23 years of age at the time, and accepted all
the praise for his “discovery.” Watson said of himself, that he had early
abandoned the “pursuit of glory.” In
fact, he relied upon a strategy of borrowing science from another and then
taking credit. Watson constructed
tri-dimensional models of coiled DNA strands from x-ray crystallography produced
which for the first time showed the helical structure of DNA. Rosy Franklin
died of cancer in 1958 as a forgotten lab assistant. Watson
unkindly remembers her in his book. Watson’s
arrogance and dismissal of Franklin
is unappealing. The story of Rosy
Franklin is the reverse of what David Sinclair has experienced. Whatever glory and recognition Rosy Franklin
failed to receive, Sinclair has been taken the brunt for another’s laboratory
mistake. He is incorrectly blamed for a
flawed lab experiment, a goof-up that was initially made by another. We’ll get to that flub in a moment.
To get
back to David Sinclair, his scientific colleagues have begun to ask if
there is any substance behind Sinclair's oft-quoted longevity science, his
sense of ownership of a gene target called Sirtuin1, and the claim he
discovered the "holy grail of aging
research."
It is a
single molecule that got assistant professor Sinclair into this jam, and quite
a tongue-twisting molecule it is -- resveratrol
(pronounced rez-vair-ah-trawl). A molecule first discovered in 1940 that
sat around without much ado. Fifty-two
years later Professor Leroy Creasy of
Cornell University was first to find resveratrol in wine and suggested
it may be the link to lower cholesterol among wine drinkers at about the same
time the French Paradox
was first being publicly announced by French Dr. Serge Renaud on CBS’ 60
Minutes television news show. It took
another decade before resveratrol was connected to the French
Paradox by Sinclair.
And it
was fifty years after Watson’s discovery of the structure of DNA, David
Sinclair announced that this red wine molecule, resveratrol, activated a
survival gene called Sirtuin1. Both
Watson’s and Sinclair’s papers were published in Nature magazine. Another scientist said, if Sinclair’s
discovery holds true, it would certainly be worthy of a special Nobel Prize. It appears Nature magazine has had a fact
checking and peer review problem for some time.
But
before Sinclair could be crowned as the modern discoverer of the fountain of
youth, it came to light that Konrad
Howitz, whom Critser overlooks, a geneticist working at Biomol, a
Pennsylvania-based biotech company, had actually screened thousands of small molecules
for activation of the Sirtuin1 gene and found resveratrol did it better than
any other. Howitz’ is the lead
investigator in the paper published in Nature, on September 11, 2003. Validation of the French Paradox, the
paradoxical fact that the French eat a high calorie diet but have lean bodies
and long life, had been made. Winos far
and wide were toasting to the news!
The gene probe
That
discovery, linking the Sirtuin1 gene activation to resveratrol, was performed
with a technology that science blogger Critser explains well. A molecular probe can be placed inside a dish
of chemicals to determine if it elicits a fluorescent glow, indication it
activates an established gene target.
This flour de lys test later came under fire when other
researchers found it was the fluorescent compound and not resveratrol that
activated the Sirtuin1 gene. Heavens to
Betsy, are we so drunk with wine we don’t care about the details of the
science? Were wine lovers now to throw
their glasses in the fireplace?
Wrong genetic address
Then
later, Professor Leonard Guarente,
who mentored Sinclair at MIT, conceded that the Sirtuin1 gene is not
universally upregulated in all tissues and organs by a calorie restricted diet. Horrors – resveratrol was posed as a
molecular mimic of calorie restriction, the unequivocal intervention that
prolongs life in all living organisms.
Limit calories by 50% and organisms roughly double their lifespan.
Guarente
had earlier reported that the Sirtuin1 gene was the
primary gene target of calorie restriction.
Sinclair was Guarente’s cocky understudy at the
time. From
that point forward, the race
was on to find a molecule that would trigger that same gene.
But now Guarente says: “Our findings suggest that designing CR mimetics that target SIRT1 to
provide uniform systemic benefits may be more complex than currently imagined.”
The fountain of youth had seemingly
run dry.
Guarente, who had founded Elixir
Pharmaceuticals to make just such a discovery, had to bow out of his
company as it had squandered its investment money and it later bought other
technology and proceeded in a different direction. The prospect of an anti-aging pill would take
down many who pursued it.
Sinclair, who had been courted away
from MIT by Harvard, would eventually found Sirtris Pharmaceuticals.
Would Sinclair face the same fate as Guarente? At least not financially.
The right arrow, the wrong target
Before the tower of longevity
crumbles, let me set the record straight.
Sinclair may have been off target when he aimed at the Sirtuin1 gene,
but the molecular arrow he drew out of his quiver was true.
resveratrol prolongs the life of yeast cells, fruit flies and roundworms,
and unlike Nobel Laureate Watson, had conducted his own research. Since conclusive proof
that any agent can extend the human lifespan would require an impractical
99-year study, organisms with a shorter lifespan (yeast cells a couple of
weeks, roundworms a few months) are studied and accepted as models of
biological aging. Sinclair also
participated in research conducted at the National Institutes of Health which
showed that mega-dose
resveratrol extended the life of fat-laden laboratory mice, which is not
far from the norm in Americans.
Studies conducted
by other researchers showed that resveratrol and
dealcoholized red wine produce similar cardiovascular benefits. While alcohol itself
is known to reduce circulating cholesterol levels, primarily by its ability to
destroy the liver where cholesterol is made, resveratrol was found to independently deliver health
benefits apart from alcohol. So in
the many attempts to pin the tail on the correct donkey, don’t mistakenly aim
at resveratrol, which is still a miracle molecule.
A visit to the Sinclair lab
To get back to Sinclair, when I
visited his laboratory early in 2004 to write
an article about resveratrol for a trade publication, there was great
intrigue. Sinclair’s laboratory notebook
had been stolen. Security guards were
now being posted outside his lab. Something
big was going on.
It was when that interview with Dr.
Sinclair had been completed, and I had folded up my laptop computer, that
Sinclair opened a drawer in his desk and asked if I knew why all the bottles of
resveratrol pills he had stashed there were biologically inactive in his yeast
cell longevity assays.
I had no idea at the time. Who was I to think I knew more than a Harvard
professor? But I did kindly offer to
locate other samples of resveratrol dietary supplements he could test. They all failed too. Something was amiss.
This ended up getting me deeply
mired in a new business venture that initially had Dr. David Sinclair as my
business partner. I had rushed to locate
a stable source of resveratrol, from a source in China, and have it encapsulated
using special technology that preserved it in a nitrogen-gas filled
capsule. I recognized resveratrol may
need to be stabilized and that was not very soluble, so I added some
antioxidant stabilizers and an emulsifier, had some samples made, and rushed
them off to Sinclair’s lab. Within a
couple of weeks the yeast cells were living longer on this new formulation than
on the research-grade resveratrol Sinclair was using in his lab, and only he
knew this. He whispered the results of
his test to me over the telephone.
Sinclair was brash and a bit
impulsive. He couldn’t wait to tell the
world. Sinclair and I began talking of a
start-up company. He announced he was
developing a resveratrol-based anti-aging pill.
But then Harvard decided otherwise.
University authorities had intercepted his e-mails and taped his phone
conversations with me. They confronted
him and bluntly informed him that no assistant professor at Harvard would ever
achieve tenure if he were to cooperate in the development of a dietary
supplement.
No, this natural molecule was to be
a drug, and Harvard would cut itself into the patent pie and all the
booty. Sadly, Sinclair and I had to
part company. In Science magazine’s
report entitled “Aging Research's Family Feud,” he publicly
announced he had a dispute with the company he was involved in forming and had
to resign. There was no animosity or unethical
business entanglement between Sinclair and myself. I had to take it on the chin so he wouldn’t
lose his job.
Putting words in the professor’s mouth
I had talked with Sinclair for many
hours of his desire to make this discovery a reality for the world. He had his heart in the right place at the
time. But Harvard was to control his
life from then on. Sinclair’s wife had a
couple of children on the way and there was the promise of money if such a
Harvard-backed venture would succeed. Turn
his back on Harvard and he would have to return to Australia. Harvard would be the spawning ground to form
Sirtris Pharmaceticals.
I was busy establishing another
company, Resveratrol Partners LLC, and filing a patent for a new brand of
resveratrol pill called Longevinex®
(long-jev-in-ex), ahead of Sirtris. I
even wrote a book about Sinclair’s discovery, entitled The Anti-Aging Pill, to the disliking of Harvard. They were quick to contract a local Boston TV
station to display my book on the air while another Boston professor
dismissed it, claiming the positive health benefits derived from red wine
were attributed to its alcohol content, not resveratrol. Here was Harvard and its clan dismissing its
own discovery. They
were going to control the story.
Sinclair and his lab mates took
this pill for a few years. Harvard
forbid Sinclair from mentioning the name brand of the resveratrol pill he was
personally using, but he managed to leak it to news reporters, with his caution
that other pills he tested were biologically inactive. (From the Harvard
Gazette, July 22, 2004: “Harvard Medical School
rules prevent Sinclair from recommending the product, or admitting if he takes
it.”)
Makers of these other impotent
resveratrol pills were quick to allege Sinclair was accepting some sort of
kickback from Resveratrol Partners, and one resveratrol pill maker, which touts
itself as a leader in life extension, got caught posting up a ghost website,
written by a fictitious writer, which called Sinclair and Longevinex® a fraud. The whole sorry episode is documented
here.
The maker of that other resveratrol
pill was later cited by Consumer Lab
for making a red wine pill that had far less resveratrol than its label
claimed. But that company mired
Longevinex in a lawsuit that cost $400,000 before we prevailed. That other company was $100-million operation
– Longevinex was a struggling startup company.
A judge ruled against the other company, but Longevinex could no longer
endure the costs of litigation to obtain damages. It was a huge loss for a small company.
Forget the gossip: who discovered what?
There is so much fodder for gossip
here, you can see how easy it is to get your eyes off of the longevity pill objective
here. Was a bona fide anti-aging pills
invented or not? Well, that’s where all
this gets mired in the public’s mind. As
explained previously, the only way the FDA would approve a claim for such a
pill would be to conduct a costly and impractical 99-year human study. That is precisely the dilemma for Sirtris
Pharmaceuticals. Sirtris has no
financial future in the pursuit of an anti-aging pill. It must seek to cure a disease, in this case,
Sirtris chose.
Resveatrol: drug or dietary supplement, or both?
The problem is, that as Sirtris
proves its case, does it end up being an unwilling promoter of dietary
supplements? According to projections in
Sirtris’ 10k filings with the Securities Exchange Commission, SRT501 is nothing
more than a hyped up resveratrol pill, derived from the same botanical source
(Giant Knotweed) as most resveratrol pills sold in health food stores,
surrounded with emulsifiers and slow-release agents to enhance absorption and
stabilize molecule that may degrade with exposure to light and heat.
Put yourself in David Sinclair’s
shoes now. You are surrounded with Big
Pharma’s elites. They have all bought in
to your company. They have sent you
their golden boy as a co-developer, Christoph Westphal MD,
who can chew gum, play the violin and make biotech companies rich all at the
same time. Peter Lynch, the legendary
former fund manager of Fidelity's Magellan Fund, has now bought into the
company. You are rubbing noses with the
rich and famous. People who have seen
you on television interviews have also invested. Harvard has its guns pointed at you, to say
what they want you to say.
A thousand bottles of wine
So Sinclair has to say to the
public that it would take 1000 bottles of wine to duplicate what they have
demonstrated in the laboratory. His
1000-bottles of wine prescription is uncorked in a New York Times
article entitled “Yes, Red Wine Holds
Answer, Check Dosage” (November 2, 2006) by Nicholas Wade. It’s the only way to avoid scuttling your own
company and dispatching millions to buy res-pills from stores around the
world.
Recall now, at the time Sinclair made this statement, the French
were achieving unparalleled longevity by drinking 3-to-5 glasses of aged red
wine a day. This had been well
documented. Furthermore, a strikingly large percentage
of super-centenarians from France were free of mental decline.
What Sinclair said, that the amount
of resveratrol in 1000-bottles of wine would be needed to duplicate the health
benefits achieved in the animal lab, was accurate to some degree. In the study published in Nature
magazine in 2006, the fat-engorged mice lived longer on resveratrol. Each
animal had 22.4 milligrams of resveratrol per kilogram of body weight added to
its lab chow. The human equivalent, calculated by body weight for a 160-lb (70
kilogram) adult human (70 X 22.4) would be 1568 milligrams per day.
A glass of red wine will provide ~1
milligram of resveratrol, and a full bottle ~7 milligrams. Sinclair probably meant to say one-thousand
glasses of red wine, but he was speaking off the cuff and said 750 to 1000
bottles. It got into print and there
were no mega-dose resveratrol pills made at the time, so that insulated Sirtris
from becoming a promoter of health food supplements rather than its own drug. Longevity seekers were then advised to wait
for Sirtris’ patentable “new chemical
entities” that were super-Sirtuin1
gene activators. Sirtris’ SRT1720
and SRT2420 drugs made from synthetically-made molecules have not been demonstrated
to show efficacy in humans to date.
The problem is, Sinclair’s
statement that “1000-bottles of wine are required”
fostered the establishment of a number of small new outlaw companies touting
1000-milligram resveratrol pills. These
companies began to use David Sinclair’s statements to promote their high-dose
resveratrol pills. But these companies had no scientific savvy, they
could only see profits in their eyes.
Resveratrol only worked to prolong
life in animals given so much fat in their diet (60% fat calories compared to
what Americans normally consume, ~20-25% fat calories) that a person would
quickly become ill on that diet. Users
of these mega-dose pills began to feel fatigued, experienced Achilles heel
tendonitis (pain), and were subjecting themselves to a giant uncontrolled and
unmonitored experiment.
TV science
One renegade company even began
suggesting its customers consume 7000 milligrams of resveratrol a day.
Whatever semblance of science all this
represented, it had escaped from the laboratory onto the television interview
set. Companies selling resveratrol pills
were establishing serving sizes based upon what Dr. David Sinclair said on a TV
interview. Longevity seekers followed along,
listening to their pied piper, and were paying a steep price for it, more than
$7 a day for 7000 milligrams of substitute wine powder.
Two years later longevity seekers found
out if their mega-dose pills would work.
Unexpectedly, both a 360 mg and a 1565 mg daily dose of resveratrol
provided to lab rats given a normal calorie diet slightly shortened their
lives! The higher dose was more
life-shortening than the lower dose.
Overlooked in that 2006 Nature magazine report was the
fact that a lower dose was also successfully employed, 5.2 milligrams per
kilogram of body weight, or about 364 milligrams for a 160-lb (70 kilogram)
human. If Sinclair and his colleagues
had reported on this lower dose, the game would be over for Sirtris. So here is how the authors of that paper presented
the lower dose results:
“After 6 months of treatment, there was a
clear trend towards increased survival and insulin sensitivity. Because the
effects were more prominent in the higher dose group, we initially focused our
resources on this group and present the results of those analyses herein.
Analyses of the other groups will be presented at a later date.”
Of course, the lower-dose data was never presented and it
was similar to that in the high-dose group.
Was Sinclair being disingenuous?
How could he be anything else?
He’s trapped in a corporate world that puts words in his mouth.
Sinclair himself believed his own hype. He began taking 6 and even 8 capsules of
Longevinex® a day, providing about 240-320 mg of resveratrol, and later took a
higher-dose Longevinex® capsule, taking 600-800 mg per day. While visiting his native country, Australia, he came down with flu-like symptoms, and
couldn’t return to the U.S.
until he began feeling better. Flu-like
symptoms are a sign of over-dosage.
Attempts were made to inform him he was taking too much
resveratrol. They fell on deaf ears.
Does the gene target matter? Isn’t it the molecule that counts?
Who cares
whether Sinclair missed the correct gene target, at that point in time, from
2003 to 2008 he was able to demonstrate that yeast cells, fruit flies and
roundworms as well as fat-fed mice, lived longer on the red wine molecule. It was only later, when this longevity effect
was not demonstrated in a warm-blooded animal on a normal-calorie diet, and the
Sirtuin1 gene target was discredited, that it appeared Sinclair had better get
back to his laboratory bench.
Had
Sinclair taken the whole world on a giant scientific odyssey that would never
materialize? Hardly. But he appears to be digging in to defend his
Sirtuin1 gene target in future papers.
Both
aging and age-related diseases involve many genes, not just one gene. Single-gene-targeted drugs like Herceptin,
Gleevec and Erbitux, have been disappointing.
In 2005 researchers
in Italy
pointed to the fact that resveratrol’s tremendous advantage is that it beneficially alters many
genes.
In regard to
dosage, other researchers have clearly shown that low-dose resveratrol rather
than high dose molecularly mimics the gene profile of a calorie restricted diet.
Researchers have
shown, in mouse heart tissue, long-term calorie
restriction will increasingly activate more and more genes, up to 813 genes over
time.
Longevinex®
sponsored a study which compared the gene profile in mouse heart tissue for (a)
calorie-restricted animals, (b) resveratrol-fed animals, and (c) Longevinex-fed
animals over the short term. Calorie
restriction significantly altered 198 genes, resveratrol 225 genes, tri-molecular
Longevinex® 1711 genes.
Among the common
genes activated by all three of these interventions, all were switched in the
same direction (on or off) when comparing Longevinex® and calorie
restriction. Longevinex® genomically
mimicked calorie restriction at a dose 17-320 times lower than prior studies
9-fold more genes than plain resveratrol, showing that a life-long
daily-dosing regimen is not required for Longevinex® as is required for calorie
restriction to alter the same broad number of genes.
This dazzling
discovery has been ignored by the scientific community. It is not even cited in any other published
paper on resveratrol or aging. The
university researchers who made this discovery have suddenly gone mum. They won’t lecture about it. There is some type of scientific
black-balling going on.
Is there an
indisputable anti-aging pill at hand?
There is no conclusive way to know short of a time machine. Maybe 50 years from now a group of a few
hundred Longevinex® pill users will meet for their 100th birthday
and celebrate the occasion. Otherwise
science must rely upon markers of aging, or studies in short-lived animals, to
deliver on the promise of an anti-aging pill.
Are consumers wasting their time taking
resveratrol pills?
- Understand, resveratrol alone, in the right dose
(175-350 mg), averts
a sudden-death heart attack better than aspirin. Longevinex® is the first branded
resveratrol pill to demonstrate this protective effect at an even lower
and safer dose of resveratrol (study in press).
- Resveratrol, by itself, completely abolishes heart
enlargement
even when a band is tied around the aorta to artificially restrictblood flow and induce heart failure in animals. There is still no
explanation for how this molecule completely overcomes a physical
restriction.
- Resveratrol exhibits remarkable protection to the human
brain
that is subject to trauma even after the trauma has taken place. There is no ethical waythis can be tested to gain FDA approval.
Resveratrol should be employed in the battlefield, and in traumacenters today, for every head injury.
- Resveratrol, in low doses, has been called “a boon for
treating Alzheimer's disease
.”
- Resveratrol
blocks cancer at all three stages of development
– initiation, growthand spread (metastasis), something no modern cancer drug can claim. It is even reported to overcome the
problem of tumor-treatment resistance. 20443159
What is the
world waiting for, a sign from God to start taking res pills? Seven years after David Sinclair first
reported this red wine molecule promises unusual health and longevity, it is
not even in the top 50 herbal supplements sold.
Those who are
the early adaptors to resveratrol pills appear to be mostly technology-driven
middle-aged males, not senior Americans who are closest to death’s door. An online survey conducted by AARP Magazine a
few years back showed better than 9 of 10 senior Americans wouldn’t take such a
pill. They feared spending more years in
a state of senility and that they would run out of retirement money. It’s difficult to fathom that an anti-aging
pill would be passed up by most senior Americans. For all the criticism that he is taking, Dr.
Sinclair must begin to wonder if the quest to discover the fountain of youth is
really humanity’s dream?
Will any old resveratrol pill do?
Despite all the
wonder surrounding resveratrol, when it comes to red wine pills, the sum of its parts is greater
than the whole. The biological
effect of many small
molecules as provided in wine, in a low-dose, produces a synergistic, not
just an additive effect. You are
getting short-changed if you are taking resveratrol alone. Resveratrol combined with
other small molecules is the true miracle seen in red wine. To that end, Longevinex® is designed to achieve
the synergy of four small molecules – micronized and microencapsulated
resveratrol with quercetin, ferulic acid and IP6 phytate.
If animal
studies can be applied to humans, it would take a life-long resveratrol pill
regimen to mimic the life-prolonging effect observed among calorie restricted
animals. Longevinex® demonstrated a
similar gene profile to calorie restriction at an early point in time. To achieve health and longevity benefits,
unlike plain resveratrol, a life-long adherence to taking pills was not
required by the Longevinex-fed mice in the laboratory. It may be the closest
thing to an anti-aging pill so far, but that is for you to decide.
If you are a
resveratrol pill user, and you are taking a proven safe and effective dose, at
a bare minimum you have gained unparalleled protection for your brain and your
heart.
Vote for David Sinclair’s achievements
outside the laboratory
You probably
wouldn’t have heard about resveratrol had it not been for Dr. David
Sinclair. Dr. Sinclair can fight his own
battles. He does not need me to defend
him. He only has to hit one scientific
home run in his lifetime to prevail. His
work is unfinished.
Without Sinclair,
anti-aging science has no “rock star”
scientist who can capture the imagination of both the public and the scientific
community. He is far from the average
boring scientist. He can handle a Larry
King interview like Ronald Reagan.
Sinclair has
already raised more money for longevity research than could ever be
imagined. See through what his corporate
handlers have fed him. Even if there is
a deserved backlash from all of Sinclair’s scientific shortcomings, it should
not be against resveratrol, as science writer Critser suggests.
For those who
still allege there is some sort of cozy relationship between this author and
Dr. Sinclair – why would I defend my competitor, or its behemoth owner, Glaxo
Smith Kline? The company he founded, Sirtris,
makes a resveratrol drug, the company I founded, a resveratrol
nutriceutical. I may have my beefs with
Sinclair over gene targets and dosage, but in the larger perspective, these are
small issues. There may be parts of me
that want to pile on Dr. Sinclair, but we must first recognize him for what he
has unquestionably accomplished outside the laboratory, to bring anti-aging
medicine to the forefront of science and into the public’s eyes. Don’t shoot the pied piper of longevity. –
Copyright 2010 Bill Sardi, managing partner, Resveratrol Partners, dba LONGEVINEX®