The Biggest Threat To Wild Bees Are ... Honey Bees

A lot of environmental fundraising and lobbying has involved bees. There was talk of a neonicotinoid pesticide-induced die-off, until it was determined that pesticides weren't the problem, varroa mites, and the fad of amateur beekeepers who didn't know what they were doing were the big problems. Traffic accidents killed more bees than chemicals. When that failed, activists turned to claims about wild bees. This would seem to have easier success, since wild bees can't really be tabulated. There are over 25,000 species of wild bees worldwide, and only a few have hives to count.

A lot of environmental fundraising and lobbying has involved bees. There was talk of a neonicotinoid pesticide-induced die-off, until it was determined that pesticides weren't the problem, varroa mites, and the fad of amateur beekeepers who didn't know what they were doing were the big problems. Traffic accidents killed more bees than chemicals. 

When that failed, activists turned to claims about wild bees. This would seem to have easier success, since wild bees can't really be tabulated. There are over 25,000 species of wild bees worldwide, and only a few have hives to count.

But that is not true either. Wild bees have shown to be fine. That is, unless everyone is putting honeybee hives in their backyards to prevent a Colony Collapse Disorder that isn't coming.


Source.

Nonetheless, activist zealots insist on simple solutions. “We need to
save the bees!” they’ll chant at anti-agriculture rallies, their banners and
bullhorns spreading the lie that bees are disappearing, hoping to convince
politicians to ban advanced pesticides.

As we’ll see, bees are abundant, not disappearing, and,
moreover, a new
study
from Swedish biologists suggests that “saving” one type of bee may
actually be bad for other types of bees.

Nature is complex, something rarely captured in the bumper
stickers and fundraising letters of the activist busybodies. When they say they
want to “save the bees,” the first question must be, which bee? There are at
least 4,000 bee
species
native to North America. Notably absent from that list will be the
common honeybee, which arrived
from Europe in the 17th century
on the ships carrying British
colonists.

The European honeybee is ubiquitous, with 2.7
million commercial hives
in the United States (that’s more hives today than
20 years ago), each of which contains up to 80,000 individual
bees
. So that means the total number of bees at any given time would be measured
in the tens and hundreds of billions — and that doesn’t include the rest of the
world’s 80 million hives.
Even at the low end of hive counts, we’re talking about a trillion honeybees on
the planet – and their numbers have been growing dramatically since the UN
started keeping track in the 1960s. In this light, the claims about
disappearing honeybees appear rather comical.

Nonetheless, the bogus tales of disappearing bees have
encouraged politicians to dream up special preferences and set asides for
honeybees, not realizing their meddling could be having negative consequences
for native, wild bees. That’s what this new study in the journal Basic and Applied Ecology[1]
recently discovered: in locations where forage is at a premium, honeybees tend
to muscle out bumblebees.

What’s good for one bee isn’t good for another.

The researchers set up 19 sites in the south of Sweden to
see what happens when honeybees are introduced to areas with either one type of
forage or areas with a variety of foraging material. They then counted the
honeybee and bumblebee densities at each site to see what happened when
honeybees were introduced. According to the study, bumblebee numbers dropped by
up to 81 percent when the honeybees showed up.

“This either reflects a direct
negative effect on bumblebee populations through reduced colony growth, or that
bumblebees avoid foraging in areas with high honeybee densities because of food
depletion or interference.”


The level of reduction appeared to depend on the species of
bumblebee native to the area and the type of forage available. Honeybees have short
tongues compared to many types of bumblebees. So when the honeybees move in and
rob all the nectar from open flowers, bumblebees with longer tongues can survive
by drinking from deeper flowers that honeybees can’t reach. Shorter-tongued
bumblebees, however, are relegated to what the study refers to as the “less
profitable parts of the flower patch.”

So, depending on the circumstances, what’s good for one bee
could push away another species of bee. The study was meant as a first look at
this question and not a comprehensive treatment of the subject. It includes an
important caveat: “Because of the low number of species and individuals, our
results should be interpreted with caution.”

That said, the study despite its limitations demonstrates
how nature rarely cooperates with simpletons. In the hypothetical universe in
which honeybees are actually disappearing (they’re not), and where pesticides
like neonicotinoids were killing honeybees (they don’t, when properly used),
then the activist policy to “save the bees” would mean more dead wild bees.

Fortunately, nature is more resilient than the slogans
adorning the protest signs would suggest. The biggest danger isn’t that one
type of bee species or the other going extinct. It’s that lawmakers and
regulators might take the activists seriously and begin meddling in a way that
hurts farmers without doing anything to help any bees at all.

[1] Herbertsson, L., et al. Competition between
managed honeybees and wild bumblebees depends on landscape context.
Basic
and Applied Ecology
(2016), http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.baae.2016.05.001

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